Pencillium digitatum on oranges.

This is a microscopic pic of the mold that grows on oranges, it is from the genus pencillium but its not that pencillium which Alexander Fleming found killing staphyloccocus bacteria. this is pencillium digitatum! This fungi feeds on citric acid in some fruits.

It starts out as white dots and then becomes greenish blue. I had an orange will some greenish mold on it and I Put it on my roof under the shade next to the water tank. after a week I saw it and found out that the greenish mold had stayed the same, the orange was softer and some white mold started growing individually on other areas, today I saw it with some greeny spots in the middle.

The green one above is the previous mold and the white is the new one, notice small green patches.

I dont know why but whenI lifted the orange the it tore away the peel so this hole was made. And the black stuff is dirt.

BTW this pic was taken a few hours ago and now I see it and its darker green. you can rub this on some agar which I told how to make in the previous post, and you will get some neat colonies of the fungus.

My conditions at the place where the orange is placed is dark, damp(because of the water tank next to it(the black wall in the pic) has a small leak in it, you can see some wet ground in the pic.), cold.

The fate of the orange: Its very soft now and mushy from inside, when I squeezed the orange very slightly, small drops of orange juice fell out from hole, you can see it in the pick, the wet region around the torn skin.

How to make agar

Making agar to grow your cultures is like making jelly!!
the ingredients needed are:
1.a vegetable or chicken stock cube
2. 1/2 teaspoon of sugar
3. some gelatin
4. 250ml of water
That's about it!

instructions:
1. Wash your hands to remove any contaminations.

2. Take a deep pan, put it on the stove and turn up the heat on pan. pour all ingredients in it and stir well.
    let it boil for a few minutes until no lumps are left and then simmer for 30 mins.

3. pour the mixture in your petri dish or petri dish like think and cool in a fridge to let the liquid become jelly.

4. Keep the dishes upside down to stop moisture forming on it and store for later use.

So literally I told you a chicken or vegetable jelly recipee. Enjoy the jelly or grow stuff on it. 

Synthesis of chloramine and hydrazine.[TOXIC, HAZARD, NEVER DO IT]

This experiment is based on producing hydrazine( N2H4 ) in liquid form and producing chloramine( NH2Cl ) in gaseous form.
BTW this experiment is dangerous, I havent done it.

First we gather the equipment!
we will need
1. sodium hypochlorite( NaClO )
2. Ammonia solution( NH3 )
3. A flask
4. two stoppers with one pipe through it
5. a connecting pipe
6. a test tube

Now we set up our equipment:

The reaction will occur in the flask, the hydrazine will stay in the flask while the vaporous chloramine will go in the test tube due to the pressure created.

Now we do the reaction, thought the hydrazine will be polluted with many other chemicals and the chloramine will be with water vapour.